Curriculum Vitae

 

Name:   Daniels, James Maurice Title:   Distinguished Scientist e-mail:   daniels@alct.com Internet Address: http://alct.com/http://alct.com/Ddaniels

Mailing Address Advanced Liquid Crystal Technologies PO Box 1314 Summit, NJ 07902-1314 USA

 

Education

Institution and Location Oxford University, England	Degree BA	Year 1948	Field of Study First Class Honours Mathematics and Physics
Oxford University, England	MA	1949	Physics
Oxford University, England	DPhil	1952	Physics Thesis: Magnetism at Very Low Temperatures

 

Honors and Awards

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada

Fellow of the Institute of Physics (London)

Chartered Physicist (United Kingdom)

Guggenheim Fellowship (1978)

Alfred P. Sloan Fellow (1963)

ICI Research Fellow (1952)

Nuffield Research Fellow (1951)

Member of the Canadian Association of Physicists and the American Physical Society.

 

Positions Held

2005-present:	Distinguished Scientist, ALCT, Inc., Summit, NJ.
1997 - 2005:	Senior Scientist, ALCT, Inc., Summit, NJ. http://alct.com/Ddaniels
1987 - present:	Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto.
1961-1987:	Professor of Physics, University of Toronto.
1968-1973:	Chairman, Department of Physics, University of Toronto.
1982-1983:	Acting Chairman, Department of Statistics, University of Toronto.
1956-1960:	Associate Professor of physics, University of British Columbia.
1953-1956:	Assistant Professor of physics, University of British Columbia.
1952-1953:	Post doctoral fellow, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, England.
1948-1952:	Graduate student, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, England.                        Thesis Advisor: N. Kurti.
1946-1947:	Technical Officer, Imperial Chemical Industries (Explosives Division), Ardeer, Ayr, Scotland.
1944-1946:	Experimental Assistant III, Radar Research and Development Establishment, Ministry of Supply, Malvern, Worcs., England.

 

Visiting Positions

1994-1995:	Visiting Professor, Oakland University, Rochester, MI.
1990, 1991-1992:	Visiting Professor, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
1985-1986, 1988:	Professeur Associé, the École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
1984-1985:	Visiting Senior Research Physicist, Princeton University.
1978-1979:	Visiting Professor, Dept. of Physics, Columbia University.                         Guggenheim Fellow.
1974,1975:	Visiting Professor, Technische Universität München, Germany.
1975	Visiting Professor, Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo 15, Finland.
1972	Visiting Professor, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
1960-1961:	Visiting Professor, Instituto de Física J. A. Balseiro, S. C. de Bariloche, Argentina. Sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
12/58-1/59:	UNESCO Expert in Experimental Physics at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1958	Consultant, Pennsylvania State University, College Park, PA.

 

Scientific Administrative Positions

1969-1973:	Director, University of Toronto Linear Accelerator Laboratory.
1970-1973:	Secretary-Treasurer, Canadian Institute of Particle Physics.
1972-1973:	University of Toronto Representative, Council of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO.

 

Research Activities

• At the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan, I advised on the purchase and installation of equipment, including a ³He-⁴He dilution refrigerator, for an experiment to look for a long range spin dependent force suspected from symmetry principles. I designed the apparatus and produced drawings to be sent out for construction and I outlined the procedure for the first experiment.
• At the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, I assisted in the development of solid-state lasers for the polarization of ³He gas. I collaborated in experiments to measure the transport properties of polarized  ³He, which show remarkable quantum effects.
• I set up the equipment for ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and used it to study magnetically ordered alloys and minerals. As part of a project to date hominid fossils, I used Mössbauer spectra to fingerprint layers of volcanic ash.
• I directed a project to make a dense target of polarized ³He for experiments in elementary particle physics at high energies.
•  I used Ge-Li gamma-ray detectors to detect the de-excitation gamma rays from the inelastic scattering of fast neutrons. This enabled us to resolve hitherto unresolved closely spaced nuclear levels.
• At the University of Toronto, I designed and built (before they were commercially available) a ³He-⁴He dilution refrigerator that attained temperatures on the order of 20mK.  This was used for nuclear orientation experiments.
• At the Instituto de Física, Bariloche, Argentina, I organized, from scratch, the establishment of a low temperature laboratory and started a research program in magnetism at temperatures below 1K.
• As UNESCO Expert in experimental physics at the University of Buenos Aires, I started a research program in magnetic resonance.
• As consultant at the Pennsylvania State University, I designed and constructed the apparatus to do experiments on adiabatic nuclear demagnetization.
• At the University of British Columbia, I designed and set up the low temperature experimental facilities and supervised a research program in magnetic          resonance.
• Graduate studies leading to the D.Phil. degree, and postdoctoral research.  In this period

-         I built and operated a cryostat to reach temperatures in the milliKelvin range using adiabatic demagnetization. 

-         I designed and built, and in some cases supervised, the building of several high power electromagnets.

-         I established the absolute temperature scale, down to 0.01K using potassium chromium alum, and down to 0.003K using cerium magnesium nitrate.

-         I was part of the group which first produced spatially oriented atomic nuclei and exploited this technique to determine the spins and parities in several gamma-cascades.

-         I designed much of the apparatus that was later used to perform the first adiabatic nuclear demagnetization in which temperatures of the order of 10^-6K were first attained.

• At ICI (explosives), I investigated the initiation and propagation of detonation waves in commercial and experimental explosives using high-speed cameras.  Also measurement of the time delay and its variance in the lighting of electric fuse heads. 
• At RRDE, I designed radar equipment.

 

Publications in Chronological Order

[1] A 100 kW Water-cooled Solenoid, Proc. Phys. Soc. (GB), B63, 1028-1034 (1951).

 

[2] An Experiment on Nuclear Alignment:  The Anisotropy of Gamma-radiation from Oriented Cobalt-60 Nuclei,  with B. Bleaney,  M.A. Grace and F.N.H. Robinson, Nature (GB), 168, 780-782 (1951).

 

[3] A Determination of the Nuclear Magnetic Moment of ⁶⁰Co Using the Method of Nuclear Alignment, with B. Bleaney, M.A. Grace, H.Halban, N. Kurti and F.N.H. Robinson, Phys. Rev., 85, 688-689 (1952).

 

[4] The Alignment of ⁵⁸Co, with M.A. Grace, H. Halban, N. Kurti and F.N.H. Robinson, Phil. Mag., 43, 1297-1300 (1952).

 

[5] Polarized Gamma-rays from Nuclei Aligned at Low Temperatures, with G.R. Bishop, G. Goldschmidt, H. Haliban, N. Kurti and F.N.H. Robinson, Phys. Rev. 88, 1432-1433 (1952).

 

[6] High Power Solenoids: Stresses and Stability, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 4, 50-54 (1953).

 

[7] Cerium Magnesium Nitrate II: Determination of the Entropy-Absolute Temperature Relation below 1K, with F.N.H. Robinson, Phil. Mag., (GB), 44, 630-635 (1953).

 

[8] The Design and Construction of a 1,000 kW Water-cooled solenoid intended for Experiments in Nuclear Alignment and Adiabatic Nuclear Demagnetization, Proc. Phys. Soc. (GB), B66, 921-928 (1953).

 

[9] The Effect of Interactions in a Paramagnetic on the Entropy and Susceptibility, Proc. Phys. Soc. (GB), A66, 673-688 (1953).

 

[10] Experiments on Nuclear Orientation at Very Low Temperatures I: Establishment of a Method of Nuclear Alignment and its Application to ⁶⁰Co, with B. Bleaney, M.A. Grace, H. Halban, N. Kurti, F.N.H. Robinson and F.E. Simon, Proc. Roy. Soc. (GB), A221, 170-188 (1954).

 

[11] The Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Chromium Potassium Alum below 0.1^oK, with N. Kurti, Proc. Roy. Soc. (GB), A221, 243-256 (1954).

 

[12] Some Experiments and Theoretical Considerations on the Electric H.F.S. Method of Nuclear Alignment, Canad. J. Phys., 32, 662-673 (1954).

      Reprinted in: Selected Papers in Physics No. 70, H. Yukawa (ed), Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo (1955).

 

[13] Polarized Gamma-rays from Oriented ⁵⁴Mn Nuclei, with G.R. Bishop, H. Durand, C.E. Johnson and J. Perez, Phil. Mag. (GB), 45, 1197-1199  (1954).

 

[14] The Effect of Interactions on the Angular Distribution of Gamma rays from an Assembly of Oriented Nuclei, Canad. J. Phys., 35, 1133-1145 (1957).

 

[15] Paramagnetic Resonance of Chromium in Guanidine Aluminum Sulphate, with H. Wesemeyer, Canad. J. Phys., 36, 144-145 (1958).

 

[16] The Influence of Paramagnetic Resonance Saturation on the Faraday Effect, with H. Wesemeyer, Canad. J. Phys., 36, 405-406 (1958).

 

[17] Der Einfluss der Sätigung paramagnetischer Rezonanzabsorption auf den Faraday-Effekt, with H. Wesemeyer, Z. Phys., 152, 591-598 (1958).

 

[18] Nuclear Orientation of ⁵⁴Mn in Antiferromagnetic Single Crystals, with M.A.R. LeBlanc, Canad. J. Phys. 36, 638-640 (1958).

 

[19] Nuclear Orientation Experiments with ¹⁴²Pr and ¹⁷⁵Yb Nuclei, with J.L.G. Lamarche and M.A.R. LeBlanc, Canad. J. Phys., 36, 997-1009 (1958).

 

[20] An Isotope Effect in Antiferromagnetism at Low Temperatures, Canad. J. Phys., 37, 75-77 (1959).

 

[21]  Nuclear Orientation of ⁶⁰Co in Antiferromagnetic Co(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂×6H₂O, with M.A.R. LeBlanc, Canad. J. Phys., 37, 82-83 (1959).

 

[22] Some Observations on Nuclear Alignment in Cobalt Metal, with M.A.R. LeBlanc, Canad. J. Phys., 37, 1321-1324 (1959).

 

[23] Spin-flip Narrowing of Paramagnetic Resonance Lines, with H.A. Farach, Canad. J. Phys., 38, 151-152 (1960).

 

[24] Spin Lattice Relaxation in Neodymiun Ethylsulphate at Liquid Helium Temperatures, with K.E. Rieckhoff, Canad. J. Phys., 38, 604-615 (1960).

 

[25] Nuclear Orientation in Antiferromagnetic Single Crystals, with J.C. Giles and M.A.R. LeBlanc, Canad. J. Phys. 39, 53-64 (1961). 

        Reprinted in: Nuclear Orientation, M.E. Rose (ed.) Gordon Breach, New York (1964).

 

[26] Automatic Frequency Control for a Klystron, with H.A. Farach, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 32, 1262-1263 (1961).

 

[27] The Interpretation of the Angular Distribution of Gamma rays from Assemblies of Oriented Nuclei, with J.M. Cotignola, Canad.J. Phys., 40, 1342-1359 (1962).

              

[28] The Angular Distribution of Gamma rays from ⁵⁴Mn Oriented in Antiferromagnetic CoCl₂.6H₂O, with D.J.Griffiths, Canad. J. Phys., 40, 1332-1341 (1962).

             

[29] Nuclear Orientation of ⁵⁴Mn in MnSiF₆.6H₂O, with D.J. Griffiths, Canad. J. Phys., 40, 1417-1422 (1962).

             

[30] The Low Temperature Ordered State of Cerium Magnesium Nitrate and its   Influence on Nuclear Orientation, with J. Felsteiner, Canad. J. Phys., 42, 1469-1480 (1964). 

[31] The Pulse-height Distribution in N.E.102 Scintillator for Monoenergetic Neutrons, with D.R. Christie and H.A. Farach, Canad. J. Phys., 42, 1676-1679 (1964).

             

[32] A Note on Adiabatic Fast Passage, and Spin Temperature and Adiabatic Demagnetization in the Rotating Coordinate System, Canad. J. Phys., 42, 1687-1694 (1964).

             

[33] The Possibility of Using the Mössbauer Effect to Measure Cross Relaxation of ⁵⁷Co Coupled to an Unpaired Electron Spin, with  S.K. Misra, Canad. J. Phys., 43, 1843-1852 (1965).

             

 [34] The Use of a Lithium Drifted Germanium Detector to Observe the Inelastic Scattering of 2.9 MeV Neutrons by Cobalt and Copper, with D.R. Christie and J. Felsteiner, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. (Netherlands) 37, 165-167 (1965).

             

[35] Intermediate State Reorientation of Oriented Nuclei, with S.K. Misra, Canad. J. Phys.,44, 1965-1984 (1966).

             

[36] Production of Circularly Polarized Light, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 32, 284-285 (1967).

             

[37] Gamma rays from Inelastic Scattering of 2.9 MeV Neutrons by ⁵⁵Mn, ⁵⁹Co, ⁶³Cu, ⁶⁵Cu, ¹³⁹La and ¹⁴¹Pr, with J. Felsteiner, Canad. J. Phys., 46, 1849-1865 (1968).

              

[38] Phase Slippage in the D.C. Superconducting Transformer, with P.E. Cladis and R.D. Parks, Phys. Rev. Lett.,  21, 1521-1524 (1968).

             

[39] Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Stoichiometric and Non-Stoichiometric Magnetite, with A. Rosencwaig, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 30, 1561-1571 (1969).

             

[40] The Current Distribution in a Type II Superconducting Thin Film and its Relevance to the D.C. Superconducting Transformer, Canad. J. Phys., 47, 2125-2127 (1969).

              

 [41] Coupling a Scintillator to a Small Photosensitive Area, with Laura Y.C. Tsui, Canad. J. Phys., 47, 2125-2127 (1969).

             

[42] Low Temperature Spin Orientation in Cobalt-Tutton's Salt, with H.A. Farach and Charles P. Poole Jr., Phys. Rev., 188, 864-869 (1969).

             

[43] Mössbauer Study of the Ni-Zn Ferrite System, with A. Rosencwaig, Canad. J. Phys., 48, 381-396 (1970).

             

[44] A Polarizer, Using Sodium Nitrate Single Crystal, Designed as Part of an Optical Pumping Light Source, with P. Kirkby and Virginia L.S. Yuen, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 41, 275-276 (1970).

             

[45] An Experiment to Compress Polarized ³He Gas, with R.S. Timsit, E.I. Dennig, A.K.C. Kiang and A.D. May, Canad. J. Phys., 49, 508-516 (1971).

             

[46] A ⁴He Discharge Light Source and Optical System for the Optical Pumping of 2³S₁ ³He, with R.S. Timsit, A.D. May and Virginia L.S. Yuen, Canad. J. Phys., 49, 517-524 (1971).

             

[47] The Expected Performance of an Optical Pumping Light Source, and the Kinetics of Optical Pumping of 2³S₁ ³He, with R.S. Timsit, Canad. J. Phys., 49, 525-538 (1971).

             

[48] The Determination of the Polarization of ³He by Optical Means, with R.S. Timsit, Canad. J. Phys., 49, 539-544 (1971).

             

[49] The Polarization Produced and the Rates of Polarization in the Optical Pumping of 2³S₁ ³He, with R.S. Timsit, Canad. J. Phys., 49, 545-559 (1971).

              

[50] Nuclear Relaxation of ³He Gas on Various Solid Surfaces, with R.S. Timsit and A.D. May, Canad. J. Phys., 49, 560-575 (1971).

             

[51] A Large Volume Homogeneous Low Field Electromagnet, with A.K.C. Kiang and P. Kirkby, Canad. J. Phys., 49, 576-581 (1971).

             

[52] A Gas Circulation System Using a Toeppler Pump for the Construction of a Polarized ³He Target, with R.S. Timsit, W. Hilger and A.D. May, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 44, 1722-1724 (1973).  

 

[53] Investigation of the Magnetism of Terbium Ethylsulphate below 1 K Using the Faraday Effect, with M.T. Hirvonen, A.P. Jauho, T.E. Katila and K.J. Riski, Phys. Rev., B11, 4409-4420 (1975).

             

[54] An Approximation to the Mössbauer Lineshape Integral in terms of Rational Functions, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. (Netherlands), 128, 473-481 (1975).

             

[55] The Interpretation of Mössbauer Spectra Obtained with Polarized Gamma-rays and Single Crystal Absorbers, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., 128, 483-493 (1975).

             

[56] A Mössbauer Study of the Beta-phase of Iron-Germanium, with  F.E. Moore and S.K. Panda, Canad. J. Phys., 53, 2428-2437 (1975). 

[57] Nuclear Polarization Measurements of Oriented ³He Gas by 'Frequency Jump' Spectroscopy, with R.S. Timsit, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 47, 953-959 (1976). 

[58] Studies of the Magnetic Ordering and Spin Structure of K₃Fe(CN)₆, with M.T. Hirvonen, A.P. Jauho, T.E. Katila  and K.J. Riski, Phys. Rev. B15, 1445-1457 (1977).

             

 [59] The Determination of Spin Arrangements in Magnetic Materials by means of Mössbauer Spectroscopy using Polarized Gamma rays, Canad. J. Phys., 57, 263-265 (1979).

             

 [60] An Elementary Treatment of Some Difficulties in the Construction of Irreducible Representations of the Rotation Group as Direct Products of the Spin-1/2 Representation, Amer. J. Phys., 47, 436-439 (1979).

             

 [61] Design and Calibration of a Source and a Polarimeter for Polarized 14.4 keV Mössbauer Gamma rays, with H-Y Lam and P.L. Li, Canad. J. Phys., 58, 1010-1018 (1980).

             

 [62] A Note on the Criteria for Fitting Curves to a Set of Measured Points, Canad. J. Phys., 59, 182-184 (1981).

             

 [63] A Mössbauer study of a single crystal of the beta-phase of iron-germanium, with H-Y Lam and P.L. Li, Canad. J. Phys., 60, 1564-1572 (1982).

             

[64] Polarization absorption spectroscopy:  Determination of the direction and degree of orientation of absorption transitions, with P.E. Cladis, P.L. Finn, L.S. Powers, J.C. Smith, L.W. Filas, J.W. Goodby and T.M. Leslie, J. Appl. Phys., 53, 6127-6136 (1982).

                  

 [65] The momentum distribution of the neutron in ²H and ³He as determined by quasi-elastic scattering, with G.F. Krebs, C. Cox, T. Gajdicar, P. Kirkby and A.D. May, Nucl. Phys. (Netherlands), A395, 364-388 (1983).

             

 [66] Influence of unequal magnetization direction probabilities on the Mössbauer spectra of superparamagnetic particles, with D.G. Rancourt, Phys. Rev., B29, 2410-2414 (1984).

[67] Experience with a polarized ³He target for nuclear scattering experimrents, with P.J.T. Verheijen, R.H. McCamis, P. Drakopoulos, W.H.T. van Oers and A.D. May, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. (Netherlands), 227, 71-76 (1984).

                 

[68] Percolation calculations and a Mössbauer study of alloys with the composition near FePt₃, with S.R. Julian, H-Y Lam and P.L. Li, Canad. J. Phys., 63, 409-416 (1985).

             

[69] Mössbauer characterization of very small superparamagnetic particles:  application to intra-zeolitic alpha-Fe₂O₃ particles, with D.G. Rancourt and S.R. Julian, J. Mag. Mag. Mat., 49, 305-316 (1985).

             

[70] The discrimination of pyroclastic deposits on the basis of the Mössbauer spectra of their magnetites, with H-Y Lam, D.G. Rancourt, J.A. Westgate and D. York, Earth and Planetary Sci. Lett. (Netherlands), 73, 430-438 (1985).

             

[71] A picture of an essential singularity, Amer. J. Phys., 53, 645-648 (1985).

             

[72] A nuclear orientation study of a single crystal of the beta-phase of iron-germanium, with A.M. Sabbas, M.E. Chen, P.S. Kravitz, J. Gavilano, J.L. Groves and C.S. Wu, Canad. J. Phys., 63, 545-550 (1985).

             

[73] A new interpretation of the Mössbauer spectra of invar alloys:  anisotropic hyperfine field fluctuations, with D.G. Rancourt and S.R. Julian, J. Mag. Mag. Mat., 51, 83-88 (1985).

             

[74] Magnetically induced electric field gradients, with D.G. Rancourt and S.R. Julian, Hyperfine Interactions (Switzerland), 28, 507-510 (1986).

 

 [75] An iron-57 Mössbauer study of Fe₂As:  a magnetically induced electric field gradient asymmetry, with D.G. Rancourt, Canad. J. Phys., 63, 1540-1547 (1985).

             

[76] Optimum design of a polarimeter for visible light, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 57, 1570-1573 (1986).              

    

[77] New infrared tunable laser for polarizing ³He by optical pumping, with M.     Leduc, P.J. Nacher and F. Laloë, Helv. Phys. Acta, 59, 747-751 (1986).

             

[79] Optical determination of alkali metal vapor number density using Faraday rotation, with Z. Wu, M. Kitano, W. Happer and M. Hou, Appl. Optics, 25, 4483-4492 (1986).

             

[80] Polarizing ³He nuclei with neodymium La_1-XNd_XMgAl₁₁O₁₉ lasers, with L.D. Schearer, M. Leduc and P.J. Nacher, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., B4, 1133-1135 (1987).

                  

 [81] Nuclear Polarization and Heat Conduction Changes in Gaseous ³He, with M. Leduc, P.J. Nacher, D.S. Betts,  G. Tastevin and F. Laloë, Europhys. Lett., 4, 59-64 (1987).

 

 [82] Coherent and Incoherent Wall Interactions of Spin Polarized ¹²⁹Xe and ¹³¹Xe Nuclei, with Z. Wu and W. Happer, Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 1480-1483 (1987).

 

 [83] Collapse of Mössbauer spectra in strong applied Radio-frequency fields, with S.R. Julian, Phys. Rev., B38, 4394-4403 (1988).

         

[84] Monte Carlo calculation of the Gd³⁺ EPR linewidth due to the dipole-dipole interaction in YbCl₃.6H₂ and Yb_0.5Y_0.5Cl₃.6H₂O, with Sushil K. Misra and Ufuk Ohrun, Phys. Rev., B38, 8683-8690 (1988).

 

[85] Experimental studies of wall interactions of adsorbed spin-polarized ¹³¹Xe     nuclei, with Z. Wu, W. Happer and  M. Kitano, Phys. Rev., A42, 2774-2784 (1990).

             

[86] Nuclear polarization and the equivalence principle, with Wei-tou Ni, Modern Phys. Lett. (Singapore), 6, 659-668 (1991).

 

[87] A torsion balance search for long-range spin-dependent forces using polarized nuclei, with Wei-Tou Ni, Physica  (Netherlands), B194-196, 149-150 (1994).

 

[88] Spin relaxation of polarized helium-3 in the magnetic field of a Helmholtz pair, Canad. J. Phys., 73, 420-424 (1995).

 

[89] An explanation of a difficulty with Huygens' secondary wavelets,  Canad. J. Phys., 74, 236-239 (1996). 

 

[90] Determination of the circular polarized fraction of light using a voltage driven nematic liquid crystal wave-plate, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 434, 231 (559), (2005). 

 

        

Reviews

Oriented Nuclei: Polarized Beams and Targets, Academic Press, New York (1965).

              

Nuclear Reactions with Oriented Target Nuclei and Polarized Beams, with J. Goldemberg, Repr. Prog. Phys. (GB), 25, 1-36 (1962).

 

Nuclear Targets: Polarized, Article in the McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology.

 

 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization, Article in the McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology.

 

Optical nuclear polarization: targets and sources, Hyperfine Interactions (Switzerland), 22, 287-296 (1985).